{"id":2695,"date":"2019-12-07T02:37:40","date_gmt":"2019-12-07T02:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geprex.com\/artigos-copy\/"},"modified":"2020-03-26T13:07:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T13:07:27","slug":"emcongressos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/emcongressos\/","title":{"rendered":"In congresses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2695\" class=\"elementor elementor-2695\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-03d173a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03d173a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c742325\" data-id=\"c742325\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d346344 elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d346344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-flag\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Event: <b>ACSM's 66th Annual Meeting<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Place: <b>Orlando - EUA<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Year: <b>2019<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9be3f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"a9be3f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Pulse Wave Reflection Responses After Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Men<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1771\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Pulse Wave Reflection Responses After Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Men<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Guilherme Fonseca MSc, Tainah de Paula MSc, Mario F. T. Neves MD\/PhD, Felipe A. Cunha PhD State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>BACKGROUND<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Although aerobic exercise (AE) has been established as effective for lowering blood pressure (BP), little is known about the alterations in aortic BP and pulse wave reflection (PWR) after exercise.<\/p><p><strong>PURPOSE<\/strong><br \/>To investigate the acute aortic BP and PWR responses after moderate AE with different volumes in normotensive and hypertensive men.<\/p><p><strong>METHODS<\/strong><br \/>A total of twenty-four participants were assigned into normotensive (n = 14) and hypertensive groups (n = 10). Participants visited the laboratory on five occasions to perform: a) a pre-participation questionnaire for assessment of cardiovascular risk, BP at-office and anthropometric profile, and then 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) to confirm or not the diagnosis of hypertension &#8211; normotensives were defined as those with 24-h SBP\/DBP &lt; 130\/80 mmHg, and hypertensives as those with 24-h SBP\/DBP \u2265 130\/80 mmHg groups; b)\u00a0 resting and maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2<\/sub>) assessments; c) a non-exercise control session (CTL), and two cycling bouts at 50% VO<sub>2<\/sub> reserve (150 <i>vs<\/i>. 300 kcal) in a randomized order. Aortic SBP (aSBP), aortic pulse pressure [aPP (i.e. aSBP <i>minus<\/i> aDBP)], augmented pressure [AP (i.e. augmentation of aSBP induced by return of the reflected wave)], and augmentation index [AIx (ratio between AP <i>vs<\/i>. PP \u00d7 100 to give a percentage)] were determined using applanation tonometry 10 min before, and 30- and 70-min after CTL and the two exercise bouts in a supine position (SphygmoCor\u00ae system, AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia).<\/p><p>All statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10 software (StatSoftTM, Tulsa, OK, USA). Descriptive sample statistics are reported as the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM). Changes in aortic BP and PWR were calculated as \u2206 values [i.e. difference between post- and pre-intervention values]. The effects of condition and time on aortic BP and PWR responses were analyzed using a 2-way RM-ANOVA. LSD post hoc tests were applied to determine pair wise differences when significant <i>F<\/i> ratios were obtained. Two-tailed statistical significance for all tests was accepted as <i>P<\/i> \u2264 0.05.<\/p><p><strong>RESULTS<\/strong><br \/>In the normotensive group, AE 150 kcal decreased aSBP (mean diff: \u2206 &#8211; 8.1 mmHg,\u00a0 <i>P<\/i> = 0.050) and AIx (mean diff: \u2206 &#8211; 10.5 %,\u00a0 <i>P<\/i> = 0.036), in comparison with CTL, until 30 min of recovery. In addition, normotensive men showed a decrease in aPP after all AE bouts, without differences between conditions. In the hypertensive group, only AE 300 kcal was able to mitigate the aSBP increase observed between 30 and 70 min post-CTL (mean diff30-70min: \u0394 7.0 mmHg, <i>P<\/i> = 0.017) and post-AE 150 kcal (mean diff30-70min: \u0394 7.3 mmHg, <i>P<\/i> = 0.013). Like aSBP, post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant increase for aPP between 30 and 70 min post-CTL (mean diff30-70min: \u0394 4.0 mmHg, <i>P<\/i> = 0.050), while both AE bouts attenuated the aPP increase observed in CTL .<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2982 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img1.fw_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img1.fw_.png 800w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img1.fw_-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img1.fw_-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img1.fw_-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2983 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img2.fw_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img2.fw_.png 800w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img2.fw_-267x300.png 267w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img2.fw_-768x864.png 768w, https:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2019-img2.fw_-600x675.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p><p>Figure 1: Mean \u00b1 SE values for aortic BP and PWR responses in the normotensive and hypertensive groups following 30 and 70 min of recovery from CTL and each cycling bout. P values indicate significant differences between 30 and 70 min post-intervention. *: Significantly different from CTL at 30 min (<i>P<\/i> &lt; 0.05).<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>KEY POINTS<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>In terms of acute aortic BP and PWR responses, exercise volume is not a primary outcome of the exercise prescription in normotensive men, at least when training bouts are performed at moderate-intensity.<\/li><li>Aerobic exercise performed with higher volume (e.g. 300 kcal) is recommended for individuals with hypertension. The present study provides evidence that this strategy may mitigate the increased BP responses observed after CTL and AE with lower volume (e.g. 150 kcal).<\/li><li>Regardless of exercise-related energy expenditure, aerobic bouts performed at moderate-intensity do not affect the acute PWR responses among hypertensive men.<\/li><li>These findings may have important implications within the context of aerobic exercise prescription for the initial management of hypertension.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/p><p>In the normotensive group, lower AE volume was able to reduce aortic BP until 30 min of recovery. However, only the greater AE volume attenuated the increase in aortic BP, with no difference in PWR after any experimental protocol in the hypertensive group.<\/p><p><strong>FUNDING<\/strong><br \/>Supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control following aerobic exercise with different volumes in hypertensive men <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1772\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control following aerobic exercise with different volumes in hypertensive men<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Andr\u00e9 C. Michalski MSc, Guilherme Fonseca MSc, Victor Costa, Tain\u00e1 Pryor, Paulo Junior Tainah \u00a0Paula PhD, and Felipe A. Cunha PhD.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">State University of Rio \u00a0Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.\u00a0<\/p><div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/div><p><strong>BACKGROUND<\/strong><br \/>The recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control acute aerobic (AE) is a robust index of individual ability to recruit tone and may provide further evidence of the risks and benefits of a typical AE bout to promote health. However, the extent to which autonomic control, as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV), depends on exercise volume remains unclear in hypertensive individuals.<\/p><p><strong>PURPOSE<\/strong><br \/>The present study investigated the acute effects of cycling bouts with different volumes and matched by on HRV markers in hypertensive men.<\/p><div>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #555555;\">METHODS<\/span><\/div><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">Ten men [age: 39.0 \u00b1 7.0 yr; body mass index: 29.3 \u00b1 1.0\u00a0 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>; maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max<\/sub>): 26.7 \u00b1 0.8 mL\u2219kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u2219min<sup>-1<\/sup>; 24-h ambulatory systolic\/diastolic blood pressure (SBP\/DBP): 139 \u00b1 8 \/ 86 \u00b1 7 visited the times to undertake the following procedures: a) assessment of resting and maximal VO<sub>2<\/sub>; b) perform a non-exercise control session (CTL) and two AE bouts expending 150 (AE150) and 300 (AE300) at 50% VO<sub>2<\/sub> , order. The root mean square of successive R-R differences calculated for consecutive 30-s windows (rMSSD30s) was calculated to assess the reactivation during the first 5 min of recovery in a supine position via (RS800cx, Polar<sup>TM<\/sup>, Finland). Prolonged HRV analysis [i.e. &#8211; (LF), high-frequency band (HF), and sympathovagal balance (LFHF ratio)] was performed during the subsequent 21-h under ambulatory conditions using a three-channel Holter (CardioLight, Cardios Ltda, Brazil).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS\u00ae version 23 (SPSS<sup>TM<\/sup> Inc., Chicago, IL USA). Marginal models were used to compare HRV changes between trials. Where main effects were statistically significant, post hoc pairwise comparisons with Sidak-adjusted P values were performed. Statistical significance was accepted as P \u2264 0.05.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">RESULTS<\/span><\/p><div><div><div>Mean (SD) times to achieve 150 and 300 at 50% VO<sub>2<\/sub>R were 22.1 (3.6) and 44.3 (6.2) min, respectively. Significant differences for rMSSD30s were only detected between CTL vs. AE150 [\u2206 -38.8 ms (P &lt; 0.001)] and CTL vs. AE300 [\u2206 &#8211; 40.0 (P &lt; 0.001)]. Within the subsequent 21-h of recovery, no significant differences were observed among CTL, AE150 and AE300 for LF, HF and LFHF ratio.<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"768\" \/><\/div><\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"768\" \/><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div><strong style=\"color: #555555;\">CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/div><p>These findings suggest that exercise volume is not a major determinant of exercise prescription when considering the recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control in hypertensive men, at least when AE is performed at<\/p><p><strong>FUNDING<\/strong><br \/>Supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76caac4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76caac4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efe7fde\" data-id=\"efe7fde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16978b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16978b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d88f5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d88f5b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4466111\" data-id=\"4466111\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839fc53 elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"839fc53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-flag\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Event: <b>ACSM's 64th Annual Meeting<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Place: <b>Denver - EUA<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Year: <b>2017<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0084b38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"0084b38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5431\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Standardized MET overestimates resting VO2 and underestimates energy cost of running in low cardiorespiratory fitness men <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5431\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5431\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Standardized MET Overestimates Resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> And Underestimates Energy Cost Of Running In Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness Men<\/b><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Helouane M. \u00c1zara, Paulo T.V. Farinatti PhD, Adrian W. Midgley PhD, Fabr\u00edcio Vasconcellos PhD, Patr\u00edcia Vig\u00e1rio PhD,\u00a0 and Felipe A. Cunha PhD.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Augusto Motta University Center, RJ, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil. Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, England.<\/p><div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/div><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>PURPOSE<\/strong><\/p><p>Multiples of the metabolic equivalent (MET) are widely used to prescribe exercise intensity and quantify the energy cost of physical activities. A growing body of empirical evidence, however, suggests the standardized 1-MET value, represented by a resting oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2<\/sub>) of 3.5 mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup>, significantly overestimates observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> in populations with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Hence the main purpose of the present study was to compare the standardized MET and resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> with respect to these two applications and explore the association between CRF and resting VO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p><p><b>METHODS<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men, aged 18 to 38 yr, volunteered to participate in two studies. First, 100 men [lower CRF: n = 48, VO<sub>2max<\/sub> &lt; 50.0 mL\u2219kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u2219min<sup>-1<\/sup>; higher CRF: n = 52, VO<sub>2max<\/sub> \u2265 50.0 mL\u2219kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u2219min<sup>-1<\/sup>] visited the laboratory twice to explore the association between directly assessed VO<sub>2max<\/sub> and resting VO<sub>2<\/sub>. Second, 14 men performed a 30-min bout of running at 8.0 km\u2219h<sup>-1<\/sup> (8.3 METs according to the Compendium of Physical Activities) to investigate the use of the MET to quantify the energy cost of treadmill running.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">All statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10 software (StatSoftTM, Tulsa, OK, USA). Descriptive sample statistics are reported as the mean and standard deviation (SD). One-sample t tests were used to test the null hypotheses that there were no mean differences between the MET value and observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub>, METmax, MET exercise intensity classification, and the energy cost of the running bout. The Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between VO<sub>2max<\/sub> and observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub>. In addition, the median VO<sub>2max<\/sub> value was used as the criterion to categorize participants into low and high cardiorespiratory fitness groups to investigate the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on the differences between the reference MET value and observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">RESULTS<\/span><\/p><div><div>The VO<sub>2max<\/sub> was strongly positively correlated with resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> (R = 0.68, P &lt; 0.001). The mean observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values of 3.28 (n = 100) and 3.07 (n = 14) mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> were significantly lower than the standardized value of 3.5 mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). When compared to the standardized value, groups with lower CRF demonstrated significantly lower mean observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values of 3.06 (1st part of the study: P &lt; 0.001) and 2.67 (2nd part of the study, P &lt; 0.001) mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup>. However, no significant difference was observed between standardized and observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values for the groups with higher CRF (1st part of the study: P = 0.87; 2nd part of the study: P = 0.78). Hence the observed values for METmax intensity and the energy cost of treadmill running were significantly underestimated when calculated using the standardized resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> value of 3.5 mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> (P = 0.005 to P &lt; 0.001) only for the groups with lower CRF.<\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"650\" \/><\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" \/><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div><strong style=\"color: #555555;\">CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/div><p>The VO<sub>2max<\/sub> was strongly positively correlated with resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> (R = 0.68, P &lt; 0.001). The mean observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values of 3.28 (n = 100) and 3.07 (n = 14) mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> were significantly lower than the standardized value of 3.5 mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). When compared to the standardized value, groups with lower CRF demonstrated significantly lower mean observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values of 3.06 (1st part of the study: P &lt; 0.001) and 2.67 (2nd part of the study, P &lt; 0.001) mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup>. However, no significant difference was observed between standardized and observed resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> values for the groups with higher CRF (1st part of the study: P = 0.87; 2nd part of the study: P = 0.78). Hence the observed values for METmax intensity and the energy cost of treadmill running were significantly underestimated when calculated using the standardized resting VO<sub>2<\/sub> value of 3.5 mL\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup> (P = 0.005 to P &lt; 0.001) only for the groups with lower CRF.<\/p><p><strong>FUNDING<\/strong><\/p><p>Supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8ee478 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8ee478\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6380502\" data-id=\"6380502\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542a9dd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"542a9dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-570f9a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"570f9a5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3818180\" data-id=\"3818180\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-218eec9 elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"218eec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-flag\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Event: <b>ACSM's 62th Annual Meeting<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Place: <b>San Diego- EUA<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Year: <b>2015<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d04093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"9d04093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Effect of heat stress on postexercise hypotension induced by isocaloric cycling bouts in healthy men <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1641\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Effect of heat stress on postexercise hypotension induced by isocaloric cycling bouts in healthy men<\/b><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Felipe A. Cunha PhD, Paulo T.V. Farinatti PhD, Helen Jones PhD, Lars R. McNaughton, FACSM PhD, and Adrian W. Midgley PhD.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil. Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, England. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England.<\/p><div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/div><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>PURPOSE<\/strong><\/p><p>Aerobic exercise has consistently been shown to induce postexercise hypotension (PEH). However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still unclear, especially when exercise is performed in a hot environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on PEH induced by isocaloric cycling bouts.<\/p><div><span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #555555;\">METHODS<\/span><\/div><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">Seven men, aged 21-33 yr, visited the laboratory on four occasions to perform: a) a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in a temperate environment; b) a non-exercise control session in a temperate environment (CON); and c) two bouts of isocaloric (300 kcal) continuous cycling at 60%\u00a0<\/span>VO<span style=\"position: relative; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;\">2<\/span>R<span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">\u00a0in environmental temperatures of 21\u00b0C (TEMP) and 35\u00b0C (HOT) in a randomized, <\/span>counter-balanced<span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\"> ord<\/span><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">er. Systolic<\/span><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\"> (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, mean skin temperature, rectal temperature, plasma volume, and cardiac autonomic function (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability) were determined for 60-min after the non-exercise control session and after the two exercise bouts. SBP and DBP also were determined during the subsequent 21-<\/span>hr <span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">recovery period using an ambulatory BP monitor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">All statistical analyses were completed using SPSS Statistics 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). All physiological responses during the 60-min postexercise period (using 6 x 10 min time bins) for each condition (CON, TEMP, and HOT) were investigated using linear mixed models. Random effects were included in models if they significantly improved model fit, as indicated by a likelihood ratio test. Separate models were used to investigate mean differences in baseline physiological values and 21-hr blood pressure responses between conditions. In the event of significant main effects or interaction effects post hoc pairwise comparisons, with Sidak-adjusted P values, were conducted. The relationship between delta plasma volume and delta mean blood pressure in the 60-min post-exercise recovery period in TEMP and HOT was investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical significance for all null hypothesis significance tests was regarded as P &lt; 0.05.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">RESULTS<\/span><\/p><div><div><div>During the 60-min postexercise recovery period SBP was 8.6 (P = 0.003) and 3.7 (P = 0.004) mmHg lower in HOT compared to CON and TEMP, respectively. DBP was 10.0 (P &lt; 0.001) and 5.3 (P = 0.04) mmHg lower. Compared to TEMP, rectal temperature was 0.6 \u00b0C higher (P = 0.001), mean skin temperature was 1.8 \u00b0C higher (P = 0.013), plasma volume was 2.6 percentage points lower (P = 0.005), and systemic vascular resistance was 1.9 mmHg\u2022L\u2022min<sup>-1<\/sup> lower (P = 0.014) in HOT during the 60-min postexercise recovery period, whereas no significant differences between TEMP and HOT were observed for cardiac output, baroreflex sensitivity, or heart rate variability. During the subsequent 21-hr recovery period SBP was 4.5 and 3.1 mmHg lower in HOT than CON (P &lt; 0.001) and TEMP (P = 0.003), respectively, whereas no significant effect was observed for DBP (P = 0.92).<\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"768\" \/><\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"768\" \/><\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1028\" height=\"768\" \/><\/div><\/div><div><strong style=\"color: #555555;\">CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/div><p>Exercise in the heat increases the hypotensive effects following exercise for at least 22-hr. The underlying mechanisms (at least for the first 60-min recovery period) appears to be increased body temperature, reduced plasma volume, and decreased systemic vascular resistance.<\/p><p><strong>FUNDING<\/strong><\/p><p>Supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Effect of heat stress on the relationship between heart rate reserve & oxygen uptake reserve <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1642\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Effect of Heat Stress on the Relationship between Heart Rate Reserve &amp; Oxygen Uptake Reserve<\/b><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Adrian W. Midgley 1, Felipe A. Cunha 2, Helen Jones 3, Lars R.McNaughton 1, FACSM, Paulo T.V. 2<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">1 Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, England; 2 State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3 Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p><p>Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is an important component of exercise-based weight management programs. The isolated effects of exercise intensity and duration on EPOC have been the focus of previous research; however, the effect of exercise modality and whether or not the exercise is performed continuously or intermittently are presently unknown.<\/p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the EPOC induced by bouts of continuous and intermittent running and cycling exercise.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">METHODS<\/span><\/p><p>-Participants were seven apparently healthy men aged 21 to 33 years<\/p><p>-Participants visited the laboratory on three occasions to perform a maximal incremental cycling test in a temperate environment and two bouts of continuous cycling at 60% VO<sub>2<\/sub>R in environmental temperatures of 21\u00b0C (TEMP) and 35\u00b0C (HOT)<\/p><div>-Heart rate, VO<sub>2<\/sub>, core temperature, and skin temperature (chest, thigh, leg, and arm) were measured continuously throughout both continuous cycling bouts<\/div><div><span style=\"color: #555555;\">-All tests were conducted in an environmental chamber (Grant Instruments, Cambridge, UK) with relative humidity kept at 40%<\/span><\/div><div><p>-Associations between physiological responses were investigated using linear mixed models.<\/p><\/div><div><span style=\"color: #555555; font-weight: bold;\">RESULTS<\/span><\/div><div><div><div>%HRR was, on average, 16.8 percentage points higher than %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R in HOT (95% CI = 15.0, 18.6; p &lt; 0.001), whereas the 1.2 percentage point difference in TEMP was not statistically significant (95% CI = -0.6, 3.0; p = 0.19). The difference between %HRR and %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R widened only slightly over time in TEMP, whereas the difference over time in HOT increased more than twofold (p = 0.004) (Figure 1). The difference between %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R and %HRR in HOT was positively associated with core temperate (p &lt; 0.001) (Figure 2); however, the difference between %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R and %HRR was not significantly associated with core temperature in (p = 0.12), or mean skin temperature in (p = 0.38) or HOT (p = 0.79).<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ultimo1.fw_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1000\" \/><\/div><div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ultimo2.fw_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1000\" \/><\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0<\/div><div><div style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"color: #555555;\">DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION<\/span><\/div><div><div>Heat stress resulted in a large difference between the %HRR and %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R. The %HRR-%VO<sub>2<\/sub>R difference increased continuously over the duration of the exercise bout due to the %HRR increasing over time at a much faster rate than the %VO<sub>2<\/sub>R. The observed relationship between core temperature and the size of the %HRR-%VO<sub>2<\/sub>R difference suggests that the widening %HRR-%VO<sub>2<\/sub>R difference was due to an increased core temperature and associated cardiovascular drift (Coyle and Gonzalez-Alonso, 2001). The dissociation between the %HRR and %VO<sub>2<\/sub> should be taken into account when prescribing exercise in the heat.<\/div><div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #555555;\">REFERENCES<\/span><\/div><\/div><div><div><div>&#8211; ACSM (2013). ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 9th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, &amp; Wilkins.<\/div><div>\u00a0&#8211; Coyle EF, Gonzalez-Alonso J (2001). Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: new perspectives. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 29: 88-92.<\/div><\/div><div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #555555;\">ACKNOWLEDGEMENT\u00a0<\/span><\/div><div><div>This research was supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).<\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5fd060 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5fd060\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5156021\" data-id=\"5156021\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf3e385 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cf3e385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcc80f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcc80f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-574293b\" data-id=\"574293b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de1d44e elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"de1d44e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-flag\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Event: <b>ACSM's 61th Annual Meeting<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Place: <b>Orlando - EUA<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Year: <b>2015<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a67fe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"1a67fe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-eye-slash\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Effect of continuous and intermittent isocaloric exercise bouts of cycling and running on EPOC  <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2761\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Effect of continuous and intermittent <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129202501820838\">isocaloric<\/gwmw> exercise bouts of cycling and running on EPOC <\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Felipe A. Cunha M Sc, Adrian W. Midgley PhD, Lars R. McNaughton, FACSM PhD, and Paulo T.V. <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129390964235262\">Farinatti<\/gwmw> PhD.<br>Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil. Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, England.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #7a7a7a;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>PURPOSE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is an important component of exercise-based weight management programs. The isolated effects of exercise intensity and duration on EPOC have been the focus of previous research; however, the effect of exercise modality and whether or not the exercise is performed continuously or intermittently are presently unknown.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The purpose of this study was to investigate the EPOC induced by <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129627453193342\">isocaloric<\/gwmw> bouts of continuous and intermittent running and cycling exercise.<\/p>\n<p><b>METHODS<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ten healthy men, aged 23 to 34 yr, performed six bouts of exercise: a) two maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests for running and cycling to determine exercise modality-specific HRpeak and VO<sub>2<\/sub><gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129802575849103\">peak<\/gwmw> [running: HRpeak, 196 \u00b1 6 beats<gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-6\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129801524612871\">.<\/gwmw>min<sup>-1<\/sup>; VO<sub>2<\/sub><gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129943235947996\">peak<\/gwmw>, 51.6 \u00b1 8.3 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280129946281937563\">mL.kg<\/gwmw><sup>-1<\/sup>.<gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130035094870891\">min<\/gwmw><sup>-1<\/sup>; Cycling: HRpeak, 181 \u00b1 8 beats<gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-6\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130121013097047\">.<\/gwmw>min<sup>-1<\/sup>; VO<sub>2<\/sub><gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130284222742606\">peak<\/gwmw>, 47.2 \u00b1 7.8 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130281591884448\">mL.kg<\/gwmw><sup>-1<\/sup>.<gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130352495499033\">min<\/gwmw><sup>-1<\/sup>]; and b) four <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130428998596342\">isocaloric<\/gwmw> exercise bouts (two continuous bouts expending a total of 400 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130428569869988\">kcal<\/gwmw> and two intermittent bouts split into 2 x 200 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130429918867055\">kcal<\/gwmw>) performed at 75% of the running and cycling oxygen uptake reserve. Exercise bouts were separated by 72 h and performed in a randomized, <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130472891388494\">counter-balanced<\/gwmw> order. The VO<sub>2<\/sub> <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130634738986434\">was<\/gwmw> monitored for 60 min post-exercise and for 60 min during a control non-exercise day.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><u>Statistical Analysis:<\/u><\/div>\n<div>The effects of condition and time on EPOC were <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130729878527467\">analyzed<\/gwmw> using a 2-way RM-ANOVA. Tukey post hoc tests were applied to determine <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130777434034417\">pair wise<\/gwmw> differences when significant F ratios were obtained. Two-tailed statistical significance for all tests was accepted as P \u2264 0.05.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #555555; font-weight: bold;\">RESULTS<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>On average, the exercise bouts resulted in a mean (SD) EPOC (net energy expenditure equivalent) of 38 (16) <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130886497800861\">kcal<\/gwmw>. There was a significant main effect <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130924083711890\">for<\/gwmw> condition (F = 3.9; P = 0.002) where, on average, the net EPOC was 7 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130928232231427\">kcal<\/gwmw> higher in the post-exercise recovery from running compared to cycling and 16 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130925135807065\">kcal<\/gwmw> higher for intermittent exercise compared to continuous exercise. There was a 26 <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1\" id=\"gwmw-15852280130970163480699\">kcal<\/gwmw> difference between the conditions with the lowest (continuous cycling) and highest (intermittent running) EPOC.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/geprex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/gg.fw_-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"color: #555555;\">KEY POINTS<\/span><\/div>\n<div><b>&#8211;&nbsp;<\/b>We have demonstrated that split exercise bouts will significantly increase EPOC.<\/div>\n<div>&#8211; Aerobic <gwmw class=\"ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-6\" id=\"gwmw-15852280131084714135723\">exercise recruiting<\/gwmw> larger muscle mass (treadmill running) provoked greater EPOC than exercise with smaller muscle mass (cycling), although both cycling and running bouts were performed with equivalent energy expenditures.<\/div>\n<div>&#8211; These findings may have important implications within the context of aerobic exercise prescription with the purpose of lowering weight.<br><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-weight: bold;\">CONCLUSIONS<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>The magnitude of EPOC was significantly influenced by exercise modality and whether or not the exercise was performed continuously or intermittently and this information can be used to target effective long-term weight management programs.<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><b><span style=\"color: #555555;\">FOUNDING<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Supported by the Brazilian Council for the Technological and Research Development (CNPq) and Carlos Chagas Foundation for the Research Development in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-825b1bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"825b1bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb85b7b\" data-id=\"cb85b7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178614b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"178614b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evento: ACSM&#8217;s 66th Annual Meeting Local: Orlando &#8211; EUA Ano: 2019 Pulse Wave Reflection Responses After Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Men Pulse Wave Reflection Responses After Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Men Guilherme Fonseca MSc, Tainah de Paula MSc, Mario F. T. Neves MD\/PhD, Felipe A&#8230;.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2695","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2695"}],"version-history":[{"count":126,"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4173,"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695\/revisions\/4173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geprex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}