Analysis of physiological, affective and perceptual markers associated with walk-run transition speed (WRTS): a cross-sectional observational study in sedentary overweight and obese adults
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGCEE / UERJ)
- Location: Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU / UERJ)
- Ph.D. Student: André Michalski
- Advisor: Felipe A. Cunha, Ph.D.
- Doctoral Thesis
- 2018-Current
Background: Aerobic exercise has assumed a central position in fitness and weight loss programs. On the other hand, the high rates of physical inactivity highlight the need to identify effective exercise prescription methods. In this context, one must consider the FITT-VP components (acronym for frequency, intensity, time and type, in addition to volume and progression) associated with exercise programs, among which intensity has received particular attention in the literature due to its effectiveness for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness and weight reduction. This in turn can be established from the relationship between the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) vs. the percentage of reserve oxygen consumption (%VO2R), ventilatory threshold (VT), metabolic equivalent (MET), and subjective perception of effort (SPE). From the prescription modalities of aerobic exercise, walking and running have been recommended. It is known that between 6 and 8 km·h-1, there is a speed at which the two forms of locomotion can be performed, known as the walk-run transition speed (WRTS). However, gaps remain regarding the study of physiological indicators associated with exercise intensity during a protocol for detecting WRTS and in prolonged sessions prescribed from WRTS in sedentary overweight adults. The aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to investigate the application of physiological, affective and perceptual indicators for exercise prescription from WRTS in sedentary overweight adults.
Methods: Apparently healthy sedentary men, aged between 18 and 40 years, that are overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 34.9 kg•m-2], will be selected. In the first part of the study, participants will visit the laboratory on three occasions. The first visit will focus on anamnesis to confirm the eligibility of the participants based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with subsequent signature of the informed consent. Then, anthropometric measurements will be taken for physical characterization and familiarization with the treadmill. During the second visit, measurements will be taken at rest for VO2 and HR, followed by the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to determine the VT, METmax, VO2max HRmax. On the third visit, the protocol for detecting WRTS (with retest after 30 min of recovery) will be applied through the analysis of expired gases to study the physiological indicators associated with WRTS. In the second part of the experiment, in a previously randomized order, the participants will make two additional visits to perform submaximal sessions from the WRTS, namely: a) a continuous session at the WRTS, alternating only the form of locomotion (10 sets of 90 s walking and 90 s min running); b) an interval session (90 s with speed at 50% above the WRTS and 90 s with speed at 50% below the WRTS - 10 sets). The physiological, affective and perceptual responses to the two exercise protocols based on the WRTS will be analyzed. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS ® software version 23 (SPSSTM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The effects of the form of locomotion on the physiological, affective and perceptual variables will be tested by marginal models - SPSS MIXED procedure - followed by Sidak's post hoc test (P <0.05).
physical exercise, gait, physiological stress, oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, metabolic equivalent, enjoyment scale.
MICHALSKI, André da Cunha. Analysis of physiological, affective and perceptual markers associated with the walk-to-run transition speed (WRTS): a cross-sectional observational study in sedentary adults with overweight and obesity. 2018. Thesis Project (Academic Doctorate in Exercise and Sport Sciences) - State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro.
Acute effects of a resistance circuit training on the blood pressure of chronic hemiparetic patients due to stroke: an analysis of the reproducibility of the measurement
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGCEE / UERJ)
- Location: Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU / UERJ)
- Ph.D. Student: Guilherme de Freitas Fonseca
- Advisor: Felipe A. Cunha, Ph.D.
- Doctoral Thesis
- 2018-Current
Background: After performing a single physical exercise session, blood pressure (BP) levels decrease and remain below resting levels for an expressive period in the first 24 h in individuals without a history of stroke. This physiological response, referred to in the literature as post-exercise hypotension (PEH), can be used as a predictor of long-term BP reduction and is therefore a desirable effect of physical training programs. However, the manifestation and reproducibility of the PEH phenomenon resulting from resistance circuit training (RCT) bouts are still unknown after stroke. The aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to evaluate the acute BP responses to RCT and test-retest reproducibility by laboratory and ambulatory BP monitoring of hemiparetic individuals due to stroke sequelae.
Methods: Thirty individuals affected by stroke will be selected, all participating in the extension program at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). On the first visit, volunteers will undergo a cognitive state assessment (Mini-mental state examination - MMSE) and functional tests (Fugl Meyer scales, Berg scale and 10-meter walk test). On the second visit, a strength test and retest of 15 maximum repetitions (15RM) will be performed. In the last 3 visits, in a previously randomized order, participants will be submitted to the following experimental protocols: a) a control session; and b) two bouts of RCT (10 exercises with 3 sets of 15 RM and active interval of 45 s between exercises). The laboratory BP measurement will be performed for 10 min before and 30 min post-intervention in the supine position by photoplethysmography (FinometerTM, FMS, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The HPE will be calculated as the difference between ([Post-exercise BP] - [Pre-exercise BP]) - ([Post-exercise BP] - [Post-control BP]). Subsequently, ambulatory BP monitoring will be performed by an oscillometric device (Spacelabs MedicalTM model 90207, Spacelabs Inc., Redmond, WA, USA), being measured every 15 min during the day and every 30 min at night, allowing the calculation of the mean BP in wakefulness, mean BP in sleep, mean BP in 24 hours, pressure loads in 24 hours, and assessment of sleep decline. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS ® software version 23 (SPSSTM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Possible differences for the areas under the curves (AUC) related to the BP variation will be calculated to compare the BP behavior between the experimental situations (control and RCT bouts) using marginal models using the SPSS MIXED procedure. When there is a statistically significant main effect for the condition, Sidak's post hoc test will be used to identify the differences. In all cases, a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed) will be adopted. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) will be used to analyze the test-rest reproducibility of HPE, assuming the following degrees of reliability: low (<0.40), moderate (0.40 to 0.75), and high (> 0.75). Finally, the distribution of these differences will be displayed graphically using the Bland-Altman plot.
physical exercise, cardiovascular physiology, rehabilitation, stroke.
FONSECA, Guilherme de Freitas. Acute effects of a resistance circuit training on the blood pressure of chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: an analysis of the reproducibility of the measure. 2018. Thesis Project (Academic Doctorate in Exercise and Sport Sciences) - State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro.
Acute effects and reproducibility of resistance circuit training bouts on energy cost, appetite and food intake in patients with stroke sequelae
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGCEE / UERJ)
- Location: Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU / UERJ)
- M.Sc. Student: Tatiana Rodrigues dos Santos
- Advisor: Felipe A. Cunha, Ph.D.
- Master's Dissertation
- 2019-Current
Background: Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high prevalence worldwide, mainly due to the worsening of risk factors in the population, such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity. In the context of post-stroke rehabilitation, resistance exercises have received prominence in the main positions for professional practice due to the neuromuscular stimuli characteristic of this modality. It is known that after the execution of a physical exercise session, the responses associated with metabolism, appetite and intake can remain altered in the first 24 h. There is a premise that these physiological responses are predictors of long-term reduction in body mass with training. However, the acute effects of resistance circuit training (RCT) bouts on these physiological variables in stroke survivors remain totally unknown, as well as the reproducibility of these responses. The aim of this Master's Dissertation is to evaluate the acute effects and reproducibility of RCT sessions on energy cost, appetite and food intake in hemiparetic individuals due to stroke sequelae.
Methods: The study will be carried out on a sample of volunteers, from the extension project of the Institute of Physical Education and Sports of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (IEFD / UERJ). Initially, participants will undergo anamnesis, functional tests (Fugl Meyer and Berg scales), anthropometric and body composition assessment, 24-hour food recall and a 15 RM strength test / retest. In a previously randomized order, participants will be submitted to the following experimental protocols: a) a control session (CON); and b) two RCT bouts (10 exercises with 3 sets of 15 RM and an active interval of 45 s between exercises). Oxygen consumption (VO2) will be measured 10 min before and 30 min post-intervention in the supine position. EPOC will be calculated as the difference between ([post-RCT VO2 ] - [pre-RCT VO2 ]) - ([post-RCT VO2 ] - [post-CON VO2 ]). Like VO2, appetite will be measured 10 min before and 30 min post-intervention under laboratory conditions. Subsequently, appetite and food intake will be obtained on an outpatient basis every 3 h for 12 h post-intervention. All statistical analyzes will be conducted using IBM SPSS® software version 23 (SPSSTM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Possible differences for VO2 and total energy cost between CON vs. RCT sessions will be tested by Student's t-test for paired samples. The effects of the condition (CON vs. RCT) and / or time (intervals of 3 h during 12h of recovery) on appetite and food intake will be analyzed using marginal models using the SPSS MIXED procedure. When there is a statistically significant main effect for the condition or a significant interaction between condition x time, the Sidak post hoc test will be used to identify the differences (P ≤ 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) will be used to analyze the test-rest reproducibility of the dependent variables and the distribution of these differences will be shown by the Bland-Altman plot.
metabolism, appetite, indirect calorimetry, strength training.
DOS SANTOS, Tatiana Rodrigues. Acute effects and reproducibility of circuit resistance exercise sessions on energy cost, appetite and food intake in patients with stroke sequelae. 2019. Dissertation Project (Academic Master in Exercise and Sports Sciences) - State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro.